The three core components of pure electric vehicles are the motor, battery, and electronic control technology.
1. Motor: The motor consists of three parts: the stator, rotor, and housing. The key to motor technology lies in the stator and rotor. Drive motors include DC motors, AC induction motors, permanent magnet brushless DC motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, and switched reluctance motors.
2. Battery: Battery technology is the core competitive advantage of pure electric vehicles. Currently, power batteries are mainly divided into three major systems: ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium iron manganese oxide batteries. Lithium iron phosphate and lithium iron manganese oxide batteries are inexpensive and offer stable performance. They are widely used in electric buses and their market share is growing. Alternatively, batteries are categorized into prismatic batteries, soft-pack batteries, and cylindrical batteries. Prismatic batteries have an overwhelming market share and dominate the new energy passenger car and pure electric bus markets. Soft-pack batteries are primarily used in the plug-in bus market, while cylindrical batteries are primarily limited to some pure electric passenger vehicles and are widely used in pure electric special-purpose vehicles.
3. Electronic Control Technology: The battery management system is tightly integrated with the power battery, monitoring and controlling the output of various battery indicators and enabling communication with other systems. Automotive electronic control technology is a hallmark of automotive advancement. Highly integrated, reliable, and secure integrated controllers facilitate the overall layout, lightweighting, and standardization of electric vehicles, and promote real-time and reliable information transmission. Furthermore, integrated controllers reduce conducted interference, further lowering the overall vehicle failure rate, enhancing overall vehicle safety, significantly reducing the cost of electric vehicles, and promoting the commercialization of the electric vehicle market.