A pure electric vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle that runs entirely on electricity and primarily consists of the following systems:
1. The battery system, the heart of a pure electric vehicle, is responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. It is composed of multiple battery modules, each of which is composed of several battery cells. The performance of the battery system has a direct impact on the vehicle's range, charging efficiency, and overall safety.
2. The motor drive system. In this system, the motor is the vehicle's power source, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle forward. This system also includes components such as the inverter and reducer, which work together to control the motor's rotational speed and torque output.
3. The charging system, which is responsible for injecting energy into the battery, includes key components such as the charging station, charging interface, and charging control unit. Charging modes include slow charging and fast charging. The former typically uses household power or a dedicated charging station, while the latter requires a dedicated fast charger.
4. Auxiliary systems, including air conditioning, braking, and steering systems, share similarities with their counterparts in traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, but the unique characteristics of electric motors may require specific adaptations. For example, given the high torque generated by electric motors at low speeds, the braking system of a pure electric vehicle may require more robust energy recovery.
5. Vehicle control system, a highly integrated electronic control system, comprehensively monitors and controls all vehicle components, including battery management, motor control, and energy recovery. Furthermore, through onboard communication modules, this system can exchange data with other vehicles and infrastructure, supporting the implementation of intelligent transportation systems.